About 651 species representing 185 genera of mushrooms are reported to contain anti-tumour or immuno-stimulating polysaccarides that inhibit tumorigenesis.
There is evidence that the β-D-glycans induce a biological response by binding to membrane complement receptor on immune effector cells.
The lipid component of Agaricus was found to contain a compound with anti-tumour activity which was later identified as ergosterol.
Similarly the lipid fraction of Grifola exhibits antioxidant activity and inhibits enzymes that cause many chronic diseases including cancer.
The mushroom constituents not only inhibit progression of the disease by exerting direct cytotoxicity against tumour cells but also up regulate other non-immune suppressing mechanisms.
These constituents are beneficial even in some established tumours and isolates from mushroom cells have cytostatic compounds that induce apoptosis in leukamia cells.
The chemicals produced by species of Ganoderma have antibacterial properties and have been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria such as Staphylococcus.
Steroids isolated from them are active against numerous gram negative and gram positive microorganisms.
The mycelial extracts from Lentinula produce antiprotozoal activities against Paramecium.
Mushrooms also have antiviral properties and several compounds isolated from Ganoderma are active against H1V-1 and are also known to possess antiviral activity against influenza virus type 1.
Although mushroom has numerous medicinal uses, some of the attributes of them are listed here:
Chemical Compounds Attributes | |
Peptido glycans | Anti-tumour |
Ergosterol | Anti-tumour |
Lipid fraction | Anti-oxidant |
Ganoderic acid | Anti-viral (HIV) |
Steroids, hydroquinones | Anti-bacterial |
Epicorazin | Anti-microbial |
Ganodric acid, lucidadiol | Anti-viral (influenza) |
Oxalic acid | Anti-protozoal |
Schizophyllan | Anti-tumour |
Ergosterol peroxide | Anti-allergic |
Lignins | Anti-viral (HIV) |
Polysaccarides | Anti-viral (HIV) |
Velutin | Anti-viral (HIV) |
Illudins | Cytotoxic |
Triterpenes | Apoptosis |
Polysaccarides | Antiangiogenic |
Hispolon, hispidin | Anti-allergic |
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